For instance, if you received a 7, the hand would be worth 13 now (6+7). If re-splitting aces isn’t allowed but drawing after splitting is, double down if the dealer’s upcard is 5 or 6 — otherwise, hit. Nearly every option is available for you while you play the new split. An example would be if you bet $100 and were dealt a 16 versus a dealer’s 10, you might prefer to “surrender” the hand and get $50 back instead of potentially losing the entire $100. You'll never stand on this total, since you cannot bust by taking a hit, and the chances of getting a good card are relatively good. In other words, you get to surrender instead of hitting, standing, splitting, or doubling. On the other hand, a hand is considered “soft” if it has an ace that can be counted as either 1 or 11. A blackjack ace is valuable since it can be a 1 or an 11. Blackjack Hard vs Soft Hands. There are two types of surrender rules, referred to as. Below are the strategies to take on blackjack soft hands. Soft 18 is among the most commonly misplayed hands in the game of 21. The concept of soft hands and hard hands in blackjack is essential to know for all the players to make the correct strategic decisions. More ambitious ones such as the blackjack strategy 1-3-2-6 can open the avenue to bigger winnings. When a player holds an ace and an eight they have a soft 19. Following is his basis strategy under these rules. Hard 16 – The Worst Hand You Can Possibly Get in Blackjack. The dealer. Many players dread hitting it because they are too scared they might bust by drawing one. For a single-deck game, hit when the dealer’s upcard is 7 through ace. In most variations of blackjack, only the cards with the same rank can be split, meaning a pair of 2s, 8s, aces, and others. Understanding Soft Hands in Blackjack. A soft hand is one that contains an Ace, while a hard hand is one that does not contain an Ace. Determining whether you have a Hard Hand or a Soft Hand can help you decide whether you should hit, stand, double or split. Don't shoot the messenger: "Playing Better Blackjack. Pair SplittingA soft hand is one that has an Ace which has been elected to count as 11. 5 times the bet. A soft hand of blackjack is a hand which contains an Ace and where this Ace can be counted as 11 without busting. Bust - having a hand totalling more than 21 points,. The total value of that hand is 16 and that is considered the worst blackjack hand. Hit. While all three hard totals are bad for the player, nothing quite beats the disadvantage hard 16 puts you at. The pairs you can split against a dealer with a 7 are those consisting of 2-2, 3-3, 7-7, 8-8, and A-A. In both cases an A stands for ace. Let’s look at an example – If the player has two 6♠, the total is 12, and. A blackjack cheat sheet is a reference card that tells you how to play every possible. A hard hand in blackjack is any hand without an Ace card. Basic Strategy Chart for Single Deck Blackjack: Dealer Stands on Soft 17. ) If the Dealer Stands on a Soft 17: They have a 14. For example: an Ace and an Eight is called a soft 19 because it can be either 19 points or nine. Essentially, this is a move that players can get to. With a career spanning two decades, Mathieu Blake knows his way around a blackjack table. A hard hand in blackjack is a hand where neither of the two cards is an ace and therefore has no flexibility. This type of hand is called Soft, because Ace can give 1 or 11 points, and this characteristic changes many things in the blackjack what to do chart. You will notice that some charts have separate instructions for soft and hard hands. It also allows doubling down before and after splitting, but not re-splitting aces or surrendering. Contact. On the contrary, players end up busting in many cases with this hand. 13 or 14. The Casino Guardian strategy calculator also enables users to adjust the standing rules for the dealer, that is whether they must stand or hit soft hands of 17. 1,731 likes · 1 talking about this · 57 were here. If you have a hard 15, you have a high chance of busting. From top to bottom are the hard totals, soft totals, and splittable hands. The chances of landing a low value card if you hit are minimal. The getHandTotal() method is also useful to get the hand total, which takes into consideration soft hands (a hand with an Ace that is counted as an 11). On the other hand, with a hand total of 15, the chance of busting increases to 54%. The dealer's revealed card is in every chart, which you can see at the top. If you’re dealt a card with a lower value, you have the chance to get a blackjack or even closer to 21. R simulates Blackjack games (based on 10,000,000 moves with 8 decks and 3 people playing) to generate a database that will be analyzed with the data. There are set of possible and advised decisions for players taking in account the number of points in player's and dealer's hands. A,A – always split. On the other hand, if you pair it with a low-valued card, its value can be 11. For example, when a player is dealt an Ace and 5 the hand can be played as a 6 or 16. On the other, if the dealer has anywhere over 7, you would be better off hitting. This means that you’re confident that your hand will beat the dealer during the showdown. The difference between the two is the presence of an Ace. Any hand with an Ace valued as 11 is called a ‘soft’ hand. 3) Soft & Hard hands in blackjack As part of the basic blackjack strategy, we gave 3 different tables for 3 different scenarios — soft hands, hard hands, and split hands. It has a house edge of about 0. 66%. 25%. If your hand has less than a 50 percent chance of winning against the dealer, then it’s time to consider surrender. soft A soft hand is a hand that includes an ace valued as 11, as opposed to 1. The general rules of Blackjack are for the dealer to hit until he reaches 17 or above, regardless of the players’ hand. Examples include the Ace-3-3 hand and Ace-Ace-2-4. This is a hand that totals 18 and contains an ace counted as 11. All hit soft 17. How to Play Soft Hands in Blackjack. When deciding which to play, consider your hand’s total as well as the dealer’s up card. Eight deck blackjack, where the dealer hits on soft 17’s, has the highest house advantage at 0. Four-deck blackjack with the dealer standing on soft 17’s and allowing the player to double after splits have an edge of 0. It is named a soft hand because the ace can either be an 11 or a one, as described above, depending on what the players’ other cards are. With soft hands, you hit soft 13 through 17. Soft hands offer you an edge over the blackjack dealer because now you have the best shot of winning the game. 7-7-A. . Stand on soft totals of 18 unless the dealer is showing high cards like 9, 10, and Ace. You would hit the hand, hoping for another 5 (to equal 11). A “soft” hand is a hand with an ace. A soft hand in blackjack is a hand where one of the two cards is an ace. This means that if you have an Ace and a 5, the total can be either 6 or 16. Soft/Soft Hand:. Hit. It concerns playing soft hands and what you should do after the first card you receive. A soft hand is when there is an Ace in the combination because an Ace can count as 1 or 11 points,. This makes perfect sense considering resplitting aces adds roughly 0. I did a 31-million hand simulation using Blackjack Count Analyzer, which shows a house edge of 4. New free blackjack games. The blackjack strategy for hard hands and soft hands varies and the presence or absence of the Ace in the player's hand has a significant effect on the game plan. Surrendering would earn you more money in the long run. g. On a basic strategy chart it makes sense and we can see what we're supposed to do with any 2 card soft hand against a certain dealer upcard. 10%. It’s an option you can use after placing your bet, receiving your two cards, seeing the dealer’s up card, and before the dealer draws new cards. Players are always better off when the first card in their hand has a value of 11. For example, if the player had been dealt an Ace and a 5 then their hand could be worth 6 or a 15; but if they hit and got a 4 (new total of 10 or 19, so still soft) then hit again. Blackjack soft hand. For the 10-10 pair also, a stand is the best action. Meaning of Natural Blackjack. After the players have bet, the dealer will give two cards to each player and two cards to himself. The reason the above hands are classified as “soft” 18 is because the strategy for playing them is different from a hand that totals 18 and that either doesn’t contain an Ace (e. The combination of an ace with a card other than a ten-card is known as a "soft hand," because the player can count the ace as a 1 or 11, and either draw cards or not. If you have Ace 4 or Ace 5: Double if the dealer has 4 thru 6 - otherwise hit. 2s. Both land-based casinos and online blackjack casinos that support live dealer blackjack require dealers to take at least one more card with the dealer to have a soft 17 showing. Now as you know what both hands mean, you have an idea of the difference between hard and soft blackjack hands. All other Las Vegas six- and eight-deck blackjack games hit on soft 17. Hit if you have a hard hand of 12-13. 65%. In both cases, an A stands for ace. In blackjack, hard hands are hands in which you have an Ace, which is counted as one, or in which there is not an Ace at all. Most players, especially beginners, think that standing is also the best possible move with a soft 17 too. Those rules dealt with hard hands, that is, hands without an ace or hands with an ace that count as 1. The entire deal with this hand is that it affects gameplay in terms of strategy. They also suggest doubling down when you have a total of 10 if the dealer doesn’t have a 10 or an Ace. If a hand has an ace, it’s classed as a hard hand when the ace counts as 1. You’d. Blackjack Strategy for Soft Hands vs Hard Hands. In the bustling environment of a casino, verbal communication can often be drowned out by background noise. So, blackjack guide chart will give a separate set of instructions depending on whether the hand is Soft or Hard. There are nine valid soft scores in blackjack, the lowest of which is 13 (A 2). Blackjack Game Soft Hands Explained. It’s hard because it’s a 10+10 or two face cards. Spanish 21 is the most popular Blackjack variation and combines the action of Blackjack with the exciting payouts of a slot machine. Doubling Soft hands which include an Ace is one of the secrets of winning blackjack. Hard Hands vs. Soft 13s and 14s should always hit unless dealer is showing a 5 or 6Except, a "blackjack" is the highest hand, consisting of an ace and any 10-point card, and it outranks all other 21-point hands. Blackjack Basic Strategy For Soft Hands How to Play Soft Hands in Blackjack Hard hands: Hard 8 or less - Hard 9 - Hard 10 - Hard 11 - Hard 12 - Hard 13 - 16 - Hard 17 to. HARD 20 VS SEVEN. If you have a hard 15, you have a high chance of busting. You continue flat betting $5 until the true count escalates to +2, at which point you increase your bet to 2 base units, i. During this, remember to double down on your cards when the following situations occur: When you have an 11 and the dealer shows an ace. A soft hand is a hand that contains an ace. What is a soft hand and a hard hand in Blackjack? In Blackjack, all starting hands can be split into hard and soft hands. In some versions, a dealer hits on a soft 17. For example, ACE-6 is a blackjack soft 17 hand, 2-2-ACE-2 is also a blackjack soft 17 hand. You can never go bust when taking a card holding a soft hand. Even the basic rules of the game dictate specific actions by the dealer. Hard 20 is the best blackjack hand you can hope for, aside from natural 21. Double a soft 13 or 14 against a dealer 5 or 6. If a casino feels the need to change the rules of blackjack it is because they aren’t winning as much as they would like. Blackjack dealers have to follow a strict algorithm that varies from casino to casino. Pairs have two cards with the same value, e. Mastering the 10 most difficult hands. For the second reason, aces can form a soft hand. 04% probability of a total of 19; an 18. Card combinations like an ace and a nine or a four, or a combination of an ace, four, and three counts as soft hands. It’s impossible to go bust with a soft hand. If players have an ace and a 7, then they have a soft 18 hand. This is the hand with the highest bust frequency rate out of these three hard totals. Soft 13 (A,2) doubles against dealer 5 through 6, otherwise hit. Hard hands are more likely to bust than blackjack soft hands, so you should only hit if your hand totals 11 or less. The dealer. Double. Ace/3 against a 7. A hard hand is one where the Ace is counted as 1 or when there is no Ace at all. Soft hand — If one of your first two cards is an ace, you’ve got yourself a soft hand. In the simplest of terms, soft hands consist of two cards, one of which is an Ace, while hard hands do not include an Ace. Blackjack Basic Strategy For Soft Hands How to Play Soft Hands in Blackjack Hard hands: Hard 8 or less - Hard 9 - Hard 10 - Hard 11 - Hard 12 - Hard 13 - 16 - Hard 17 to 21 Soft hands: Soft 13 - 14 - Soft 15 - 16 - Soft 17 - Soft 18 - Soft 19 to 21 Splitting pairs: Aces - 2's - 3's - 4's - 5's - 6's - 7's - 8's - 9's - 10's What is a soft hand in blackjack is an essential concept, referring to hands that contain an Ace valued at 11. Blackjack pays 6-5: Common on single-deck games on the Las Vegas Strip, this game is a bankroll breaker for players. If there’s no splitting, take the pair as a hard hand. With a soft hand, the player can choose to hit or stand, depending on the situation. This Ace allows players to adjust its value to 1, allowing for more strategic gameplay. . But only if you know what you are doing. However, a soft hand is not guaranteed to improve after you’ve hit. The actual difference in house edge between a game with eight decks and a game with one deck is about 0. In blackjack, soft hands are the ones containing an Ace, which means the total can be counted twofold. Therefore, if you are an astute player, you will try to avoid a table whereby a dealer can hit on a soft 17. . This applies to both live dealer blackjack and regular. Double down when the dealer has a 3, 4, 5, or 6. Multi Deck basic strategy is Player: 11 doubles against all dealer hands but Ace, 10 doubles against all dealer hands but Ten & Ace 9 doubles against dealer 3, 4, 5 and 6. In the arena of Blackjack, the soft 17 blackjack hand sits as a game-changer, tipping the scales of strategy for both the dealer and the player. A soft hand occurs with an Ace, while a hard hand can occur with an Ace but it has to equal one, not 11. Hard 14 Total. Then, way down at the bottom of the barrel comes doubling down with their "soft" hands, like Ace/2 or Ace/7. It weighs a sum of 179lbs, and it can carry a. 89% in S17 single-deck games and 43% in H17 single-deck blackjack. g. An Ace has a value of 11, unless it would bust your hand, at which point it becomes 1. 19% for the player in multiple-deck blackjack. IF a dealer can hit until hard. The difference is that the dealer has the casino watching over him to ensure he will follow the rules. Be Very Careful when the Dealer Shows Cards 9 through AceLearn how to spot the best blackjack hand every time. On the other hand, if you pair it with a low-valued card, its value can be 11. 65%. Check out our articles to better understand soft and hard hands in blackjack, how they differ, and which is more advantageous to players. The ace can either count as 1 or 11 so your hand has some flexibility (being dealt A4 can either be 5 or 15). This hand is played similarly to a soft 13 or 14, and for similar reasons. The Hi-Lo Strategy; Winning Big with Soft Hand Blackjack: A Comprehensive Guide; Develop a Strategy. Many blackjack variants implement the soft 17 rule, which forces the dealer to either stand or hit on this exact hand total. Random mode – purely random shuffle. You can double down your hand when you have. Double. 4 – 10-9 (19) This total is called a hard 19 because it can be busted with almost any card in the deck. In other words, the dealer is more. Likewise, a soft 13 would be made up of an ace and a 2. While a count of 17 is a good hand, the player may wish to draw for a higher total. A+6 – double down against a dealer 3 through 6, hit everything else. This is when you have an ace valued as 11 and an 8 in your hand. These rules change the gameplay and. Pairs of 9-9 against a dealer 7 call for standing while pairs 8-8, 9-9, and A-A against a dealer 8 call for a split. A soft hand is any hand that contains an Ace, which can be counted as either 1 or 11. 48% of blackjack games end in a push, leaving the probability of a loss at 49. With a hand totalling 14, the chance you’ll bust if hitting is at 46%. These rules don’t really matter. This is the one exception between the two strategy charts when it comes to the dealer having a six. The probability of a blackjack in a single deck game is 4*16/combin (52,2) = 64/1326. This is because you have a fantastic chance to hit 21, and even if you don’t, you’re likely to get a score close to that magic number. The Doubling Down Rule in Blackjack. With a soft 15 as your starting hand, there is no risk and. What is a soft hand in blackjack is an essential concept, referring to hands that contain an Ace valued at 11. The optimal plays for soft 18 in double-deck and multiple-deck S17 blackjack largely coincide. A rules change is never, ever in the player’s favor. To view the chart, click the Help button. While this is a risky move and only works if the dealer has a weak upcard, it also dramatically improves your chances of winning if you have a good hand. When you are dealt a hand with an ace, this is called a soft hand. A soft 17 is a total of 17 that contains an ace and can be both 7 and 17. I was looking at a new online blackjack game, and their basic strategy said to double down on a soft 12 against a 5 or 6. A hand with an ace; Blackjack Strategy Chart. Tip #3 Know When to Surrender. If you manage to understand how to play soft hands, you will be able to make wiser decisions for your moves and significantly improve your performance. It’s useful to know what these are and how they work before placing any wagers. Soft 17 – One of the Most Frequently Displayed Hands in Blackjack. Soft Hands vs. A player that is dealt an ace has a soft hand, because there is more flexibility in the player’s plan of attack. Many of the moves from the basic strategy chart are logical and intuitive to novice blackjack players. 2. Hit when the dealer is showing a 9,10, or 11 (Ace). This option is only available if you hold 4♠4♦ or 7♣ 7♠. e. The term ‘soft’ can be taken to mean flexible or malleable — this is because an ace is a card with an adjustable value, which is extremely beneficial. Then you hit the Deal button to have your cards dealt and play out your hand as you normally would,. A soft hand. Soft 17 is a soft hand in blackjack containing an Ace and a 6 (or a pair of 3s). You can opt to hit for as long as you don’t go bust (exceed 21). With that in mind, here’s how to play soft totals in Spanish 21: Soft 19 (A8) or Better – Always stand. Depending on the house rules, this hand is usually awarded 3:2 on the player’s. If re-splitting aces isn’t allowed but drawing after splitting is, double down if the dealer’s upcard is 5 or 6 — otherwise, hit. For example, many single-deck games pay at a rate of 6 to 5 for blackjacks and require the dealer to hit soft 17. Soft/hard hands: Since an ace can be worth either 1 or 11, the value of some hands is up to player choice. Expert: J. 00:00 How. A soft hand is a hand that has an Ace in it. dealerPlay - This plays using standard BlackJack dealer play strategy. For the rest of the cases, it is best to try and improve your total by hitting. Exclusive BlackJack Casino Offers: Miami Club Casino Miami Club. Soft Hand: Di Blackjack, setiap kali Anda memiliki kartu as di tangan Anda, itu dianggap 11, yang berarti Anda memiliki tangan yang soft. Dealer Hits Soft 17 Generally, the dealer in blackjack must hit if he has a total of 16 or less, and stand if he has 17 or more. Aces are important in Soft Hand totals which will be covered shortly. A soft hand is any hand that contains an Ace, which can be counted as either 1 or 11. You go down the first row of the section pertaining to soft totals until you find soft 16. In blackjack, whenever you have an ace in your hand that can be counted as eleven, you have a soft hand. Even somewhat experienced blackjack players will sometimes struggle with the correct moves on a soft. The term ‘soft’ can be taken to mean flexible or malleable — this is because an ace is a card with an adjustable value, which is extremely beneficial. g. Strategy With ‘Soft’ Hands. Again, the moves vary between the two different blackjack strategy charts. The box where soft 16 and the dealer’s 9 intersect contains the letter H which means the optimal play for this situation is to hit. Split your pair of 9s against dealer upcards 1 through 6, 8 and 9. Also. Splitting Pairs - option to split identically ranked cards to play as seperate hands. Private Studio Located in Kamloops BC. ) If the Dealer Stands on a Soft 17: They have a 14. Here’s the list. Hands that contain an Ace that can be valued as 1 or 11 are called “soft”. You choose your preferred chip denomination and click on your betting box to place a wager. If one of the first two cards you are dealt is an ace, you have a soft hand. If the player has placed the Insurance bet and the dealer has Blackjack, the player’s hand loses but the Insurance bet is paid out at 2:1. In this situation players should use the Strategy for Splitting Pairs. Step 2: receive. The reason why you stand in hard 16 is that in a case when the dealer’s upcard is small let’s say between 2 and 6, the. g. Unlike a hard hand, where the ace can only take on a value of 1 to prevent a bust, a soft hand allows the ace to take on a value of 11. Since hard 13 is more prone to busting than hard 12 (with 5 out of 13 card denominations that can break the hand), players should approach it more conservatively. 47%. The most common changes concern the dealer’s drawing rules on soft totals of 17. In some versions, you can even split different 10-value cards, like a jack and a queen. Hard and soft hands in blackjack are all determined by one card: the Ace. Whenever you surrender, you lose 50 cents per dollar wagered. Soft Hands. In the game of blackjack, hands that contain an ace that can be counted as 11 are. In most scenarios, if your soft hand goes over 21, it becomes a hard hand. 9 to 1 holds a 10% mathematical advantage in this coin-flip game. Sometimes, rules talk of “soft 17” or “hard 17”. Actually, it is the opposite: This hand offers a chance to. The reason for it is that any other card in the deck will either be equal to or less than 21 and there is no chance for players to go over this total. : 342 It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. 26% edge. Last week, we discussed refinements to the first three blackjack basic strategy rules. Soft 18 (A7) – Hit against the dealer’s 9, A. Understanding the dynamics of soft 17 blackjack is crucial because it is one of the few situations where your decisions can significantly affect the outcome of the game. Vancouver, Canada--News Direct--Blackjack is a game played. Blackjack’s house edge is already pretty low, and with the right strategy involving a soft hand, you can take it down even further. You’d want. WHAT ARE SOFT HANDS IN BLACKJACK? Of course, there’s a bit more to your hand in a blackjack game than that. 08% to the players’ advantage. However the actual probability is much less, because as the player gets each blackjack the ratio of aces to cards left in the deck decreases. Total the dealer’s card and your kicker. 4% worse than a 3:2 blackjack game. These hands are considered to be very. In the payout round, the remaining players’ hands. If your hand’s total is nine and the up card of the dealer is a three, a four, a five or a six, you should double down. Stand on your pair of 9s when the dealer is in a stronger starting position with 7, 10, or Ace. Find out when to hit, stand, or double down a hard and soft blackjack hand for optimal resultsIn blackjack, hard hands are hands that have a high number of face cards (e. If your hand has a total of 8, you hit. Your main choice is whether to double down or not. Soft hands usually have an Ace, which is a very powerful card to play against. Soft 15 and soft 16 against the dealer’s 4, 5, or 6. Typically, each player receives two face-up cards they’re not allowed to touch, and the dealer gets one face-up and one face-down card. The reason why players should hit in such cases is that the dealer has the so-called standing hand. This is basic strategy for soft hands in. Aces, on the other hand, can be worth one or 11 points. In short, basic blackjack strategy changes based on whether you’re playing soft 17 blackjack or not. In this case, Ace is counted as 11. A soft hand is generally considered better than a hard hand (a hand without an ace) , as it provides the player with more options and thus increases their chances of winning. Soft-17 – a soft-17 is a hand with a value of 17, but one which can also be counted as a total value of seven (hand must have an Ace). The following tips work should you have a soft hand. The Frequency of Occurrence of Hard and Soft Hands Additional Tips What about the advantage each of these hands can give the players? Not surprisingly, the most advantageous hand is the blackjack itself, followed by paired ten-value cards and soft 20 (these yield around 60% advantage), with hard 19 and 11 in tow (with an advantage of around 23%). There are special rules and strategies when playing soft hand and they differ from basic blackjack strategy and. Blackjacket paving has the crew, experience, leadership, and equipment to get any paving work done successfully while exceeding customer expectations on all fronts. Whenever the player has an ace in hand that can be considered as 11, he is having a soft hand. Hard 8 and below will always hit. Double. Conversely, hard hands are initial hands that lack an ace. What differentiates them? It all boils down to the value of the ace card. Soft hands of 18: Here’s where it gets tricky! If the dealer stands on a soft 17, you should double down. Insurance is a bad bet. Win - the player wins as much as he bet. In this series he'll take you through basic strategy, card counting, and bankroll management. Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. It represents an Ace at hand. 5 or 6. You should never split this hand: We will list the best hands to split in blackjack below but the hard 20 is not one of them. Hard hands are those that don’t have an Ace and their value is fixed. Hit or Stand on Soft 17: The house edge is higher when the dealer has to hit on soft 17 rather than stand on that value. As a soft hand, it can be worth either 6 or 16. If you use your ace as an eleven, your hand is called soft. g. Blackjack Hall of Fame inductees Edward Thorp and Julian Braun were among the first people to come to this. The Blackjack trainer will develop your playing acumen, and enable you to optimise your. If the dealer is showing 3-6, hit. You now have a good hand in blackjack that can outdraw many of the dealer’s holdings. Learn the odds of different hands you will see at the blackjack table. Strategy basic 17 soft chart dealer blackjack stand stands smallBasic strategy Blackjack deck odds optimale strategie gambling wizardofoddsSoft blackjack player hand dealt dealer should double card down. On top of that, the presence of the Ace determines the type of a hand in blackjack. Essentially, the basic strategy is a template which shows you the. We ranked it higher than a regular 19 only because it is a soft hand. 4-Deck to 8-Deck Blackjack Strategy Introduction. Finden Sie heraus, wann zu schlagen, zu stoppen, oder zu verdoppeln. Double. This characteristic adds an extra layer of flexibility, allowing players to make strategic. If one of the cards is an Ace counted as 11 – the hand is soft. But they refer to two different kinds of hands in blackjack. So if you have a 6 and an ace you can count your hand as worth 7 or seventeen. When the Dealer’s Upcard Is 3 through 6.